Hindi: Gullak

What is the English word for Hindi word "Gullak" (गुल्लक)?

Piggy-bank or Cash-box

Hindi Word for "Purpose"

What is the Hindi word for "purpose"?

It is प्रयोजन, उद्देश्य, or आशय

Hindi word for "decency"

Q: What is the best Hindi word for "decency"?

A: शालीनता

दीपावली - दीपोत्सव की पूर्णता

एक दीप द्वार पर - यह अभ्यागत के लिए आमंत्रण है।
एक दीप देहरी पर - यह अभ्यागत के लिए प्रकाश-पांवडा है।
एक दीप आँगन-प्रकोष्ठ में - यह अभ्यागत के लिए आतिथ्य का आश्वासन है।
एक दीप राह में - यह अभ्यागत के लिए मार्गदर्शक है।
एक दीप चौराहे पर - यह अभ्यागत के लिए दिशा बोधक है।
एक दीप कूल कगार पर - यह अभ्यागत की नौका को तट का बोध कराने के लिए है।
एक दीप लहरों पर - यह...?

यह दीप लहरों पर प्रवाहित क्यों है?

प्रत्येक संध्या को गंगा में अनगिनत दीप क्यों प्रवाहित किए जाते हैं?

उद्द्येश्य इसके अतिरिक्त और हो भी क्या सकता है कि तरंग-तुरंगों पर आरूढ़ ये दीप उन तक चल कर जाएँ जो स्वयं चल कर प्रकाश तक नहीं आएंगे।

अर्थात?

अर्थात यह कि दीप जलाकर प्रकाश करने में ही दीपोत्सव की पूर्णता नहीं है, दीपोत्सव की पूर्णता है प्रकाश को अंधकार की क्षितिजों तक पहुँचाने में।

- रामानंद दोषी, १९६९

Punjabi, Hindi: Meaning of Siapa, Syapa

What is the meaning of Punjabi word Siapa or Syapa which is also often used in Hindi? 

Actual dictionary meaning of the word "siapa" is "Beating of breasts as a sign of mourning." When someone died in western part of India or Punjab, it was a custom in some communities to conduct a siapa (mourning) ceremony; where women used to gather and weep, crying in grief. That was called "siapa".

Also refer to: 

http://dict.hinkhoj.com/words/meaning-of-%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BE-in-english.html

http://pustak.org/home.php?mean=92887

• पुं० [फा०स्याहपोश] १. किसी की मृत्यु पर शोक के कारण होनेवाला रोना-पीटना। २. पश्चिम भारत की कुछ विशिष्ट जातियों में मरे हुई मनुष्य के शोक में कुछ काल तक घर की तथा नाते-रिश्ते की स्त्रियों के प्रति दिन एकत्र होकर रोने और शोक मनाने की रीति। 
• मुहावरा-स्यापा पड़ना=(क) रोना चिल्लाना मचाना। (ख) स्थान का बिलकुल उजाड़ या सुनसान हो जाना

http://pustak.org/bs/home.php?mean=92923 

Word reference: siapa, syapa

Hindi: prayatn, yatn

Are these two words prayatn and yatn same in meaning? Chaturvedi provides the same primary definitions for both, which makes their use a bit redundant to me since they have the same base.

प्रयत्न prayatn (nm) effort, endeavour; attempt; (in Phonetics) manner of articulation; -लाघव economy of effort; ~वान्/शील assiduous, diligent, one who makes efforts; hence ~शीलता (nf); —करना to try, to make an effort; to attempt/endeavour.

यत्न yatn (nm) effort, endeavour; attempt; care; ~पूर्वक with effort/attempt; with care; ~वती feminine form of ~वान; ~वान/शील making effort, effortive.

Yes, both are synonymous.

Hindi word reference: prayatn, yatn

Hindi: जब तक...तब तक + नहीं

How would you translate this sentence?

जब तक तुम काम ख्तम नहीं करते हो तब तक मैं यहा बैठी रहूगी।

"Until you finish the work, I shall remain sitting here."

Hindi word reference: जब तक, तब तक, नहीं 

Hindi: मंगलयान maNgalyaan

From a BBC Hindi article I know that Mars is maNgal मंगल but what does maNgalyaan मंगलयान mean? How it is constructed?

"Mangalyaan" literally stands for "Mars Craft" and it means "a spacecraft for Mars" or more practically related to India's Mars mission, it stands for "Mars Orbiter Spacecraft"

Hindi word reference: मंगलयान maNgalyaan

Hindi: might as well

What would be the most natural translation of this phrase "might as well"?

I think depending on the context, there may be more than one way to say it in Hindi. We can use, "bhi" or "hi" to mean the same or in some other ways too. For example:

"Since you have to wait, you might as well sit down and relax."

"Tumhe pratiksha karni hi hai, to tum  baith bhi sakte ho aaraam se." (तुम्हें प्रतीक्षा करनी ही है तो तुम तुम आराम से बैठ भी सकते हो.)

 OR

"Jab tumhe pratiksha karni hi hai to kyon na baith jao, thoda aaraam kar lo?" 

OR

"Chunki tumke pratiksha karni hai, achchha hoga yadi tum baith hi jaao"

Word reference: might as well, hindi

Hindi: windy

How would you say "windy weather" in Hindi?

One can say, "hawadaar (हवादार मौसम) mausam", or "tej hawaon wala (तेज़ हवाओं वाला मौसम) mausam".

वातिक is also one word for the same. वातिक काल (windy time/weather)

तूफानी मौसम can also mean the same, though it means "stormy weather" to be exact.

Word reference: windy, hawadaar, havadaar, हवादार, वातिक, तूफानी

Hindi: samarasataa समरसता

What does samarasataa (समरसता) mean in Hindi?

It means "harmony".

For other words, i.e. synonyms, please check out: http://www.shabdkosh.com/hi/translate?e=harmony&l=hi

Word reference: samarasataa, समरसता

Hindi: bhaagiidaar भागीदार and bhaagiidaarii भागीदारी

I want to know the meaning of Hindi words bhaagiidaar भागीदार and bhaagiidaarii भागीदारी.

bhaagiidaar / भागीदार: Partner or participant
bhaagiidaarii /भागीदारी: Partnership or participation

Synonyms of भागीदारी are the following:

 भागिता
 साझा
 साझेदारी

All these three mean "partnership", while only भागिता can also means "participation"

Word reference: bhaagiidaar, भागीदार, bhaagiidaarii, भागीदारी, भागिता, साझा, साझेदारी

Hindi word for Vichar Dhara

Can you suggest Hindi word for 'Vichaar Dhaaraa'?

'Ideology' would be best; or even 'thought process' would be good. 

Hindi: kidhar-idhar-udhar VS kahaaN-yahaaN-vahaaN

Is the Hindi word "kidhar" same as "kahaaN"; "idhar" same as "yahaaN" and "udhar" same as "vahaaN"?

Yes, for all practical usage, both sets mean the same so are used interchangeably... 

Word reference: kidhar, idhar, udhar, kahaaN, yahaaN, vahaaN

Hindi: thaa hogaa/thii hogii (so rahaa thaa hogaa, etc)

Is it correct to write the following sentence in Hindi?

"Wah us waqt so raha thaa hogaa/thii hogii"

This use of "thaa" is not needed. It should very well be written as "Wah us waqt so raha hoga" to mean "He would be asleep at that time." or "May be he was sleeping at that time."

Hindi: kachrah

This is a word used in Bahrain and Kuwait and probably other Gulf countries to describe something of poor quality. Usually for objects like machines, furniture or the like. It is sometimes used to describe performance or service as well. I highly suspect that this word comes from Hindi because I couldn't find it in Persian Loghatnameh and I don't think it is a mispronunciation of any English word. So does such a word or similar one exist in Hindi? If yes then can you tell its original meaning please?

Yes, kachra / kachraa / kachda is a word in Hindi and it means "garbage / trash" and it is used for anything of poor quality also. 

word reference: कचड़ा, कचरा 

Hindi: Scandal

How would you translate into Hindi, "She is always surrounded by scandals"?

"Wah hamesha apwaadon se ghiri rahti hai." वह हमेशा अपवादों से घिरी रहती है.

Or even "Uska jeevan kalankon se bhara hai" उसका जीवन कलंकों से भरा है.

word reference: scandal

Hindi: Breakthrough

What will be translation of "breakthrough" into Hindi?

Breakthrough can be called safaltaa (सफलता); Major breakthrough = Badi safalta (बड़ी सफलता) or also bhedan (भेदन) and mahatvapurn khoj (महत्वपूर्ण खोज)

word reference: breakthrough, सफलत, hindi

Hindi: Word for Alter Ego

What would be Hindi term for "alter ego"? 

I am getting these two meanings from online dictionaries and these look fitting: 

Antarang Mitr अन्तरंग मित्र (Link)

Apar swaroop अपर स्वरुप (Link)

word reference: hindi, alter ego

Hindi: merii baat kaa buraa mat manaanaa

In the statement "<erii baat kaa buraa nahiiN manaanaa", can we replace "mat" with "nahiiN" in Hindi?

Yes, in Hindi mat मत and nahiiN नहीं are same.

word reference: merii baat kaa buraa mat manaanaa, मत, नहीं